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    <h1 class="post_title">linux内核时间子系统（二）</h1>
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      2023/02/05</span>
    <span class="post_time"> | 4 分钟阅读</span><span>&nbsp;|<a href='https://kingdix10.gitee.io/tags/linux%E5%86%85%E6%A0%B8/' title="linux内核" class="post_tag button button_translucent">linux内核
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      <div class="post_toc">
        <h2>文章目录</h2>
        <nav id="TableOfContents">
  <ul>
    <li><a href="#1-timekeeping">1. timekeeping</a></li>
    <li><a href="#2-计算墙上时间启动时间差值">2. 计算墙上时间、启动时间差值</a></li>
    <li><a href="#3-timekeeper初始化">3. timekeeper初始化</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#31-默认时钟源">3.1. 默认时钟源</a></li>
        <li><a href="#32-tk_setup_internals">3.2. tk_setup_internals</a></li>
        <li><a href="#33-设置时间">3.3. 设置时间</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
    <li><a href="#4-timekeeping_update">4. timekeeping_update</a>
      <ul>
        <li><a href="#41-tk_update_ktime_datatkr_mono和tkr_raw设置">4.1. tk_update_ktime_data：tkr_mono和tkr_raw设置</a></li>
        <li><a href="#42-update_fast_timekeeper">4.2. update_fast_timekeeper</a></li>
        <li><a href="#43-shadow_timekeeper">4.3. shadow_timekeeper</a></li>
      </ul>
    </li>
  </ul>
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      </div>
    
    <div class="post_body"><h1 id="1-timekeeping">1. timekeeping</h1>
<p>timekeeping是时间子系统用于从clocksource获取时间，维护墙上时间、单调递增时间、启动时间的模块，timekeeping提供了各种时间的获取接口。其核心数据为tk_core，实现了对timekeeper的加锁访问。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 1</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 2</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * The most important data for readout fits into a single 64 byte
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 3</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * cache line.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 4</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 5</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 6</span><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">seqcount_raw_spinlock_t</span>    <span class="n">seq</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 7</span><span class="cl">    <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">timekeeper</span>    <span class="n">timekeeper</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 8</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span> <span class="n">tk_core</span> <span class="n">____cacheline_aligned</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 9</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">seq</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">SEQCNT_RAW_SPINLOCK_ZERO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk_core</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">seq</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">timekeeper_lock</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">10</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">11</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">12</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">timekeeper</span> <span class="n">shadow_timekeeper</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>timekeeping_init主要就是在对tk_core.timekeeper进行初始化。下面是timekeeping_init函数总体流程</p>
<ol>
<li>read_persistent_wall_and_boot_offset读取wall_time和boot_offest。默认为0。1</li>
<li>验证wall_time和boot_offset是否正确，不正确则设置为0</li>
<li>计算wall_to_mono</li>
<li>获取锁，开始修改tk</li>
<li>ntp_init（Network Time Protocol）</li>
<li>clocksource_default_clock获取默认clock并enable，clocksource默认为clocksource_jiffies，在probe timer后会切换clocksource</li>
<li>tk_setup_internals、tk_set_xtime、tk_set_wall_to_mono和timekeeping_update设置tk</li>
<li>释放锁</li>
</ol>
<p><figure>
  <picture>

    
      
        
        
        
        
        
        
    <img
      loading="lazy"
      decoding="async"
      alt="timekeeping_init"
      
        class="image_figure image_internal image_unprocessed"
        src="timekeeping_init.png"
      
      
    />

    </picture>
</figure>
</p>
<h1 id="2-计算墙上时间启动时间差值">2. 计算墙上时间、启动时间差值</h1>
<p>wall_time墙上时间：自然时间，也就是真实世界的时间。timekeeper里用xtime表示。</p>
<p>boot_time：系统启动的时间</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln">1</span><span class="cl"><span class="n">boot_offset</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wall_time</span> <span class="o">-</span> <span class="n">boot_time</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">2</span><span class="cl"><span class="n">wall_time</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">wall_to_mono</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">boot_time</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>read_persistent_wall_and_boot_offset读取时钟，这个函数是一个 <code>__weak</code>的函数，默认设置wall_time和boot_offset为0，如果支持rtc时钟，可以读取rtc时钟里的值。</p>
<p>校验wall_time的正确性，如果时间格式正确，而且不为0，则表示有断电不失效的时钟，则设置persistent_clock_exists为true，否则，wall_time必须为0。</p>
<p>校验完wall_time后，再检查boot_offset是否正确，boot_offset不能比wall_time还要晚。</p>
<p>wall_to_mono，将墙上时间转为单调递增时间。单调递增时间是即从某个时间点开始到现在过去的时间。用户不能修改这个时间，但是当系统进入休眠（suspend）时，时间也不会增加的。更改系统时间也不会对mono时间产生影响。</p>
<p>接下来就是比较重要的初始化timekeeper的部分了。</p>
<h1 id="3-timekeeper初始化">3. timekeeper初始化</h1>
<p>tk_core.timekeeper受自旋锁timekeeper_lock和读写顺序锁tk_core.seq保护。</p>
<p>首先需要获取锁。</p>
<p>ntp_init，ntp（Network Time Protocol，网络时间协议）相关初始化，暂不分析。</p>
<h2 id="31-默认时钟源">3.1. 默认时钟源</h2>
<p>clocksource_default_clock用于获取默认时钟源，这是一个 <code>__weak</code>函数，默认使用clocksource_jiffies作为时钟源，精度很低，如果有更精确的时钟源，可以重新实现此函数。这里设置一个时钟源，是为了防止调用获取时间的接口时出现问题。后续有新的时钟源注册时，会替换掉低精度的时钟源。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 1</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 2</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * The Jiffies based clocksource is the lowest common
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 3</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * denominator clock source which should function on
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 4</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * all systems. It has the same coarse resolution as
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 5</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * the timer interrupt frequency HZ and it suffers
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 6</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * inaccuracies caused by missed or lost timer
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 7</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * interrupts and the inability for the timer
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 8</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * interrupt hardware to accurately tick at the
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 9</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * requested HZ value. It is also not recommended
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">10</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * for &#34;tick-less&#34; systems.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">11</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">12</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">clocksource</span> <span class="n">clocksource_jiffies</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">13</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">name</span>            <span class="o">=</span> <span class="s">&#34;jiffies&#34;</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">14</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">rating</span>            <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="cm">/* lowest valid rating*/</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">15</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">uncertainty_margin</span>    <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">32</span> <span class="o">*</span> <span class="n">NSEC_PER_MSEC</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">16</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">read</span>            <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">jiffies_read</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">17</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mask</span>            <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">CLOCKSOURCE_MASK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">32</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">18</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mult</span>            <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">TICK_NSEC</span> <span class="o">&lt;&lt;</span> <span class="n">JIFFIES_SHIFT</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="cm">/* details above */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">19</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">shift</span>            <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">JIFFIES_SHIFT</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">20</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">max_cycles</span>        <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">10</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">21</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>获取时钟源后，如果该时钟源有enable回调，则需要调用该函数来使能。</p>
<h2 id="32-tk_setup_internals">3.2. tk_setup_internals</h2>
<p>tk_setup_internals来初始化tk_core.timekeeper的一些内部成员。</p>
<p>其中比较中要的是tkr_mono和tkr_raw，使用默认时钟对这两个成员初始化，用于给获取时间的接口提供时钟源，比如ktime_get接口。在后续有更高精度的时钟之后，会进行更新。</p>
<h2 id="33-设置时间">3.3. 设置时间</h2>
<p>tk_set_xtime墙上时间</p>
<p>根据之前计算出的wall_time设置tk_core.timekeeper的xtime_sec和tkr_mono.xtime_nsec。</p>
<p>tk-&gt;raw_sec = 0，这是CLOCK_MONOTONIC_RAW</p>
<p>根据之前计算出的wall_to_mono，调用tk_set_wall_to_mono设置一些offs_real和offs_tai，这些offset在调用时间获取接口时会用到。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 1</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">tk_set_wall_to_mono</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">timekeeper</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">timespec64</span> <span class="n">wtm</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 2</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 3</span><span class="cl">    <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">timespec64</span> <span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 4</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 5</span><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 6</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * Verify consistency of: offset_real = -wall_to_monotonic
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 7</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * before modifying anything
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 8</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 9</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">set_normalized_timespec64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">wall_to_monotonic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tv_sec</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">10</span><span class="cl">                    <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">wall_to_monotonic</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tv_nsec</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">11</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">WARN_ON_ONCE</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">offs_real</span> <span class="o">!=</span> <span class="nf">timespec64_to_ktime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">12</span><span class="cl">    <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">wall_to_monotonic</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">wtm</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">13</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">set_normalized_timespec64</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">wtm</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tv_sec</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">-</span><span class="n">wtm</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">tv_nsec</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">14</span><span class="cl">    <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">offs_real</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">timespec64_to_ktime</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tmp</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">15</span><span class="cl">    <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">offs_tai</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">ktime_add</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">offs_real</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="nf">ktime_set</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tai_offset</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">16</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><h1 id="4-timekeeping_update">4. timekeeping_update</h1>
<p>timekeeping_update是最终完成各种时间基准初始化的函数。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 1</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/* must hold timekeeper_lock */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 2</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="kt">void</span> <span class="nf">timekeeping_update</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">timekeeper</span> <span class="o">*</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="kt">unsigned</span> <span class="kt">int</span> <span class="n">action</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 3</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 4</span><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">TK_CLEAR_NTP</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 5</span><span class="cl">        <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">ntp_error</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 6</span><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">ntp_clear</span><span class="p">();</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 7</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 8</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 9</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">tk_update_leap_state</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">10</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">tk_update_ktime_data</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">11</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">12</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">update_vsyscall</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">13</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">update_pvclock_gtod</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="n">action</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">TK_CLOCK_WAS_SET</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">14</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">15</span><span class="cl">    <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tkr_mono</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">base_real</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tkr_mono</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">base</span> <span class="o">+</span> <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">offs_real</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">16</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">update_fast_timekeeper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tkr_mono</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk_fast_mono</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">17</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">update_fast_timekeeper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tkr_raw</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk_fast_raw</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">18</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">19</span><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">TK_CLOCK_WAS_SET</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">20</span><span class="cl">        <span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">clock_was_set_seq</span><span class="o">++</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">21</span><span class="cl">    <span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">22</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * The mirroring of the data to the shadow-timekeeper needs
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">23</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * to happen last here to ensure we don&#39;t over-write the
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">24</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     * timekeeper structure on the next update with stale data
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">25</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">     */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">26</span><span class="cl">    <span class="k">if</span> <span class="p">(</span><span class="n">action</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span> <span class="n">TK_MIRROR</span><span class="p">)</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">27</span><span class="cl">        <span class="nf">memcpy</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">shadow_timekeeper</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk_core</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">timekeeper</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">28</span><span class="cl">               <span class="k">sizeof</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk_core</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">timekeeper</span><span class="p">));</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">29</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">}</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>tk_update_leap_state闰秒调整</p>
<h2 id="41-tk_update_ktime_datatkr_mono和tkr_raw设置">4.1. tk_update_ktime_data：tkr_mono和tkr_raw设置</h2>
<p>tk-&gt;tkr_mono.base</p>
<p>tk-&gt;tkr_raw.base</p>
<p>tk-&gt;ktime_sec</p>
<p>tk-&gt;tkr_mono.base_real = tk-&gt;tkr_mono.base + tk-&gt;offs_real</p>
<h2 id="42-update_fast_timekeeper">4.2. update_fast_timekeeper</h2>
<p>除了tkr_mono和tkr_raw两个struct tk_read_base，linux内核还定义了两个struct tk_fast，tk_fast_mono和tk_fast_raw。这两个是用来实现NMI safe的。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 1</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/**
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 2</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * struct tk_fast - NMI safe timekeeper
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 3</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * @seq:    Sequence counter for protecting updates. The lowest bit
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 4</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *        is the index for the tk_read_base array
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 5</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * @base:    tk_read_base array. Access is indexed by the lowest bit of
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 6</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *        @seq.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 7</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> *
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 8</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * See @update_fast_timekeeper() below.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 9</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">10</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">tk_fast</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">11</span><span class="cl">    <span class="kt">seqcount_latch_t</span>    <span class="n">seq</span><span class="p">;</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">12</span><span class="cl">    <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">tk_read_base</span>    <span class="n">base</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">2</span><span class="p">];</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">13</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 1</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm">/*
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 2</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * Boot time initialization which allows local_clock() to be utilized
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 3</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * during early boot when clocksources are not available. local_clock()
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 4</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * returns nanoseconds already so no conversion is required, hence mult=1
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 5</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * and shift=0. When the first proper clocksource is installed then
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 6</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> * the fast time keepers are updated with the correct values.
</span></span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 7</span><span class="cl"><span class="cm"> */</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 8</span><span class="cl"><span class="n">define</span> <span class="n">FAST_TK_INIT</span>                        \
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln"> 9</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">{</span>                            \
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">10</span><span class="cl">        <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">clock</span>        <span class="o">=</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">dummy_clock</span><span class="p">,</span>            \
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">11</span><span class="cl">        <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mask</span>        <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">CLOCKSOURCE_MASK</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="mi">64</span><span class="p">),</span>        \
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">12</span><span class="cl">        <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">mult</span>        <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">,</span>                \
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">13</span><span class="cl">        <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">shift</span>        <span class="o">=</span> <span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">,</span>                \
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">14</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">}</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">15</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">16</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">tk_fast</span> <span class="n">tk_fast_mono</span> <span class="n">____cacheline_aligned</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">17</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">seq</span>     <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">SEQCNT_LATCH_ZERO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk_fast_mono</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">seq</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">18</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">base</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FAST_TK_INIT</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">19</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">base</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FAST_TK_INIT</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">20</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">21</span><span class="cl">
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">22</span><span class="cl"><span class="k">static</span> <span class="k">struct</span> <span class="n">tk_fast</span> <span class="n">tk_fast_raw</span>  <span class="n">____cacheline_aligned</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="p">{</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">23</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">seq</span>     <span class="o">=</span> <span class="nf">SEQCNT_LATCH_ZERO</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">tk_fast_raw</span><span class="p">.</span><span class="n">seq</span><span class="p">),</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">24</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">base</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">0</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FAST_TK_INIT</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">25</span><span class="cl">    <span class="p">.</span><span class="n">base</span><span class="p">[</span><span class="mi">1</span><span class="p">]</span> <span class="o">=</span> <span class="n">FAST_TK_INIT</span><span class="p">,</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">26</span><span class="cl"><span class="p">};</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>可以对比一下，访问tkr_mono和tkr_raw时，用的是read_seqcount_begin和read_seqcount_retry，而访问tk_fast_mono和tk_fast_raw用的是raw_read_seqcount_latch和read_seqcount_latch_retry。</p>
<p>具体可以看内核ktime_get_mono_fast_ns和ktime_get_raw_fast_ns等函数的解释。</p>
<div class="highlight"><pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-c" data-lang="c"><span class="line"><span class="ln">1</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">update_fast_timekeeper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tkr_mono</span><span class="p">,</span> <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk_fast_mono</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="ln">2</span><span class="cl">    <span class="nf">update_fast_timekeeper</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk</span><span class="o">-&gt;</span><span class="n">tkr_raw</span><span class="p">,</span>  <span class="o">&amp;</span><span class="n">tk_fast_raw</span><span class="p">);</span>
</span></span></code></pre></div><p>以tk_fast_mono为例，update_fast_timekeeper是把timekeeper的tkr_mono复制到</p>
<p>tk_fast_mono的base数组，保存两份是为了保证在修改一个时，可以用另一个来获取正确的数值。</p>
<h2 id="43-shadow_timekeeper">4.3. shadow_timekeeper</h2>
<p>如果action指定了TK_MIRROR，则将tk_core.timekeeper备份到shadow_timekeeper，shadow_timekeeper可以用于在resume后恢复timekeeper。这个动作需要在最后进行，以确保在下一次更新时不会用过时的数据重写timekeeper。</p>
<p>最后再释放一下锁，这样timekeeping就初始化好了。</p>
<p>在timer_probe时，会注册精度更高的clocksource，这样就可以获取各种时间。</p>

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